Better Pay and Working Conditions in Multinational free essay sample

Reaction Paper Part I: Identification Alexander Hijzen and Paul Swaim, â€Å"Do multinationals promote better pay and working conditions? † OECD (Organization for Economic Development) Observer, October 2008; Issue 269, pp 15 – 17. Part II: Abstract Summary The article examines the behavior of international business enterprises, also known as multinational enterprises (MNEs), wages and working conditions, from the perception of the Organization for Economic Development (OECD). It gives a basic definition of a MNE as a corporation with headquarters in one country and affiliates, subsidiaries or merged operations in one or several other countries. Example MNE’s mentioned in the article include: Coca-Cola, Nike, Microsoft, EDF (French energy company), Rio Tinto (British-Australian mining firm), and Toyota. The article notes that there are thousands of MNEs and that they all are not a symbol of Western economic dominance. Some of the top firms listed now in FT one of the UK’s top international business magazines includes China, Russia, India, and Brazil. We will write a custom essay sample on Better Pay and Working Conditions in Multinational or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First, the article addresses the pro and con opinions that supporters and opponents of globalization bring to the working table of MNE’s. It stresses the fact that no matter what one’s opinion may be, the role of the MNEs in the world economy will continue to grow. Next, the article discusses the nature of MNEs as well as notes their advantages on employment (wages and working conditions). Concerning the wages, the article mentions that MNEs’ technical expertise and modern management styles would provide a basis for higher pay wages. However, the pessimists doubt the higher pay since the MNEs are typically in a strong bargaining position with local workers. The article explains that the best way to answer the question do multinational promote better pay and working conditions was to present a comparison of local and foreign companies in terms of their labor practices. So a study was completed to report on this question. The study showed that MNEs do tend to pay more than local firms that compete in the same markets. In general the pay is 40% higher. The study also noted that the pay may be higher to minimize worker turnover and reduce monitoring cost. These results were based upon the report focusing on three OECD countries (Germany, Portugal, and the UK) and two emerging economies (Brazil and Indonesia). Then the author presented the results from the study of those newly hired workers pay vs. those workers who moved from a domestic to a foreign-owned firm, as well as their adjustments to labor practices/working conditions. The study showed higher wages for newly hired workers and small losses or no effect for those moving to foreign firms. Several previous studies were mentioned which noted that multinational tend to adapt to local practices rather than impose their own. Finally, the author expresses the effect that experienced managers have on MNE’s. It has been proven that local firms that recruit managers with experience in multinationals enjoy higher productivity. They can more easily recognize and enforce internationally accepted labor standards. In the end, it is noted that not only experienced managers but also government support is what will help the MNEs be productive and help development.

The eNotes Blog 5 Games to Encourage SummerReading

5 Games to Encourage SummerReading With the school year ending, getting students to sit down and read can be challenging- not to mention the dreaded  summer slide  the following autumn. But, with these 5 fun approaches, reading can become more engaging for students. And for those who are less reading-inclined, get them involved with other means of learning! 1. Play Reading Bingo Create a Bingo sheet with reading challenges. This can mean books with certain themes, poems of a certain length, or short stories/plays from a list. When school resumes, students who have completed a row, column, or diagonal on their Bingo sheet get a prize. Anyone who successfully completes a blackout (all squares completed) gets a prize. Here are some suggestions for your Bingo squares: Romance novels Pride and Prejudice, Romeo and Juliet, Jane Eyre Stories with a mystery A Jury of Her Peers, Dà ©sirà ©es Baby,The Black Cat Stories with a moral lesson A Christmas Carol, The Devil and Tom Walker, The Necklace Suspenseful stories Bernice Bobs Her Hair,  The Metamorphosis, The Tell-Tale Heart Poetry Goblin Market,  The Road Not Taken,  Spring 2. Have a Goodreads Competition If youre willing, have students friend you on Goodreads. The goal of the game is to read as many pages as you can all summer. Each milestone reached equals one prize (i.e., 100 pages, 500 pages). Give certificates to students who participate in the challenge. Have students mark their progress every Friday all summer Award medals (bronze, silver, gold) to students who reach certain benchmarks Give big prizes to those who out read the teacher! 3. Host a Movie Reading Challenge If you have a particularly friendly or opinionated class, this works really well. Use a list of books that have been adapted into movies. Some examples include  Black Beauty, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and  The Scarlet Letter. Students can watch the movie of their choice and read the book in any order they choose. Then ask them to respond to the following questions: How is the book different from the movie? Which one, in your opinion, was better? Set up a Google survey where students get to rank if they like the book or the movie more. The top movie can be watched in class with popcorn come autumn! This is not a school assignment- opinions can run free! 4. Create Lifelong Learners Students learn in different ways, and summer reading competitions can be difficult without differentiated instruction and alternative learning approaches. Instead of just emphasizing reading, tell them about other great educational opportunities. They’re all around us, especially during the summer. Those who like to listen to things can try podcasts, Shakespeare in the Park, plays, or TED Talks Those who are visual learners can read comics, visit an art museum, or watch documentaries 5. Have a Summer Reading Relay Have students create groups of 3-5 people. The goal is for each group to read the most books, collectively. These groups can decide whether they will each read different books or different chapters of the same books. Ideally, this will get students talking about what they’re reading to each other, encouraging social reading as a habit that will continue to grow. The group that reads the most books together wins a small prize. If the  class  collectively reaches a reading goal, the whole class gets a MEGA prize. To defend students from getting stuck with all of the group work, individuals who read the most books can also win a small prize. Remember that this is not an assignment! Depending on what each students is interested in, there are a variety of prize options that include (but aren’t limited to) the following: A free book Bookmarks Certificate, medal, etc. A pizza party for all the participants Independent reading/work day A bookstore gift card Do you like these ideas but dont like our examples? Check out our full collection of expert-annotated texts for a rich reading experience.

Topic 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Topic 3 - Essay Example God, Tao, and the light address uncertainty in the way of living and derive a sense of goodness and integrity in the world. This paper will compare God, Tao and the light and establish how we access them and how the three deal with or address uncertainty. The book of Job seeks to define why the righteous suffer by presenting how God offers justice in case of human suffering. Indeed, in this book, God lets Satan destroy Job’s property and kill his children only for God to restore Job’s possessions in multiples. This derives an uncertainty about God, His justice, and the goodness in our way of living. The Allegory of the Cave presents the uncertainty in human life with respect to education. In this context, the sun acts as the source of light that derives human capacity to see where the sun symbolizes the Form of the Good. Notably, self-awareness eliminates cases of uncertainty in human life. The Tao Te Ching has 81 verses, which seeks to explain how to manifest goodness and integrity in our way of living in a world where many people are uncertainty about the reality of goodness and integrity in human life. Indeed, even the origin of the Tao Te Ching is not certain. It is clear that God, Tao and the light deal with and ac commodate uncertainty. From the book of Job, we can see that God is subjecting Job to suffering albeit some limitations. God limits Job’s misfortunes and Job and his friends fail to understand why God is punishing a righteous person like Job. They are indeed uncertain on how God works since they expected a just and righteous person like Job to get the justice he deserves. Ideally, God should reward the righteous and punish the wicked. Job and his friends believe in this assertion and hence their uncertainty on how God works leads them to choose between blaming Job or God. They almost gave up on the belief that God delivers justice since they would not understand how a just God could subject a righteous person to suffering. This book

The Importance of Formal Reports in Business Communication Essay

The Importance of Formal Reports in Business Communication - Essay Example Although nowadays informal communication methods have overpowered the many formal communication ways, yet formal reports have a niche of their own in the business world. It involves greater length and depth discussion of more complex issues in a better, organized and official way that is easier to read and comprehend. Moreover, formal reports are more informative and persuasive in style with all the essential principles contained in it. It is indeed complete, with all the correct information in a clear and courteous way. It provides all the required information in a concise form (Andrews, 1988). The contemporary style of communication is spreading like a wildfire and has surrounded even the administrative centers by and large, but this cannot take the place of all the important modes and styles of communication in an office where, with the information, the format and presentation along with cohesiveness are of utmost importance (Roebuck, 1999). Thus, it can be concluded that the importance of formal reports cannot be overlooked when considering the future of business communication even today and that it is still being used, and must be used extensively even in future in all administrative centers for it to flourish. Negative messages are those messages that create a negative emotion from the audience. Conveying bad news, a form of a negative message is never easy due to this negative reaction. Composing a message that establishes and maintains goodwill towards another person and at the same time conveying bad news requires ingenuity (Murphy, 1997). In negative messages, it is the tone that determines one's intent. In it, the unpleasant facts are to be presented in such a way that the reader would consider it just and reasonable. It should be written in an honest, tactful and cautious manner in order that the reader does not take it pessimistically.     

A Good Way to Pick A Fight Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Good Way to Pick A Fight - Term Paper Example I will also express my personal vision on the subject of the reasons of the Cold War beginning. To achieve my goal, I have divided the paper into five basic sections. In the introductory part, the aims of the paper as well as its subject are outlined. Next, a brief synopsis of the author’s research is provided. Further, the major arguments made by Charles Lee Jr. are summarized. After this, I provide personal opinion on the subject of the Cold War and its start. The paper ends with conclusion which sums up what has been discussed in the essay. The article starts with implications of the overtly aggressive attitude displayed by statesmen of the countries – future participants of the Cold War. Specifically, Mee mentions the remarks made by statesmen from the United States and the Soviet Union regarding the spheres of interest in Europe. Besides, the enmity of Churchill, British Prime Minister of the war period, is described (Mee 420). While Truman the then American President talked both impolitely and aggressively with the Russian foreign minister Molotov about Poland, Molotov provocatively said that gaining control over Finland was a trifle. In his turn, Churchill acted in the way hostile to the Soviet Union during the war keeping nearly 700, 000 German captives military ready to fight the Russian army (Mee 420). These Next, Mee describes the positions in the political arena just before the start of the Cold War of the three countries. Russia was inherently led by its fear of outside invasions, so it aimed at fortifying its borders in Europe, which would evolve as creating the iron curtain in years. The United States, inspired by the incredible rise of its economy and its growing influence, aimed at expanding the spheres of interest in the world and taking the leading position. Great Britain, financially exhausted by the war,

About the recruitment process

About the recruitment process Introduction: Recruitment is a process by which a company gets application for their available vacancies. Good recruitment is important to effectual human resource management. It is valuable like as many others human resource management process, as for example training and selection depends widely of the new employees attracted by the recruitment process. Recruitment is also important for whole society because it manipulate job seekers opportunities to getting a suitable job. Not only has that job it works vital parted most peoples lives. Recruitment Methods: Recruitment can be carried out in numerous ways and generally it happens via both formal and informal processes. An informal process depends on the contacts of active workers or on new applicant. Since they threat being biased, word -of -mouth recruitment is not often suitable in public sector. Within business sector, word of mouth recruitment is well known, especially in those societies rated more socialist by Hofstede. International differences in the exercise of informal are considerable. It is also common all over the globe and especially in the developing nations like as Bangladesh, Nepal, Uganda, Bhutan etc. Recruitment of Friends and Family is very easy and cheap as usually. According to Brewster et al (2008), there are four methods of particular relevance to International Human Resource management. Multinational companies follow these methods and recruiting, selecting, employing employees globally.Every recruitment process has some advantages and disadvantages. 1. Headhunting: In this method, recruitment agencies are work as service provider and they supply companies with recruits to put via their own selection procedures. This process is most common for managerial positions in developed countries like as USA, UK etc. Anecdotal data shows that almost 50% of executive searches are now cross-border. The global capability, geographical spread of individual search firms has consequently become difficult. The recruitment agencies may be preferred to internal solutions for many reasons and those reasons given below. a) The recruitment agencies have the specialist nature of recruitment activities. Similarly, its potentially rare use, sometimes mean that almost competent way to start it is to subcontract and it is to expert providers. b) Sometimes multinational companies would like to recruit in a country for the first time where they may not have human resource department to carry on this activity and simultaneously, they may not have local idea that would be essential. For this reason, they take help from the recruitment agencies. c) The recruitment agencies are expert in this section and can do recruitment of higher level or higher skill; employees may take place from a proper prospective employees file. The recruitment agencies operate their activities all over the country or industry. They usually have a list and this is mainly true in the case of multinational companies recruiting in a country where first time. Headhunters is particularly form of recruitment and agencies can be expected to charge a considerable payment for their services. b)Cross national Advertising: Now world is a global village and as part of globalisation, labour migration is more common and accepted all over the world. At present many companies seek to carry out cross border when they recruiting senior staffs. Brewster et al (2008) mentioned that the rising apply of advertising such as targeted outdoor poster sites -airport lounges, airline magazines and journey to work routes. Simultaneously, international, publications like as The Economist magazines, The wall street journals regularly represents some advertisement for high level posts in many organisations all over the world. Although that advertising should consider cultural differences, it may well be the case that the valuable targeting of such advertisement ensures that they are seen more or less totally by people. They are more used to, and accepting of, these multi-cultural messages. c) Internet Recruitment: Today internet is an important source of job and used to cheaply mass market the recruitment messages that organisations interested to forward potential applicants. The electronic recruiting facility is re-shaping the job hunting process and this facility has the likely to cut the difficulty to employment on a worldwide scale. It is proving helpful for global graduate recruitment, attracting MBAs and post graduate level candidates, similarly specific roles such as accounting professionals and IT staff. Brewster et al (2008) mentions some reasons for its popularity in recruitment. 1. Widen recruitment sourcing at relatively low cost a) Fixed cost of designing a website have been incurred, the marginal cost of further website visitor is mostly zero. b) At present internet user has grown highly, not only developed countries but also third world countries .So, now internet allows to firms reach potential applicants anywhere in the globe. c) Similarly, now it is very easy for potential employees to apply for any kind of job and first stage is to fill a web form or email a copy of CV. The main disadvantage of this is that the cheapness of applying by internet sometimes may encourage not only proper applicant but also large amount of unsuitable applicants too. 2. Attract applicant on a more specialised skill match. 3. Target sources of graduate like as MBA career centres. 4. Improve on traditional advertising approaches by targeting particular life style or culture fit groups. Selection Methods: The most common forms of selection methods are given below. Interviews: The way in which interviews are continued are one factor of national culture which radically impact the conduct of the interview and cultural awareness is very essential in this respect. In a simple face to face interview, the assessors may be confronted by considerable problem. As for example can mention here that one American multinational company recruiting managers in South Korea and found that interviewers had to be trained in multicultural awareness. According to the cultural rule of Korea, when asked a good question, to keep silent is known as   sign of respect and similarly the better the question ,the longer period of silence the applicant maintains.Moreover,according to the American culture, if anybody ask a good question and receive silence, it is like as ignorance. Not only that face to face interview may produce fairly warped judgements. 2. The monitoring and targeting of disadvantaged groups: In most countries negative discrimination against the interests of at least some disadvantaged group is not legal; similarly a small number of countries positive discrimination in support of interests of disadvantaged may be allowed or encouraged. Staffing practices are stoutly influenced by norms and morals, not possible by the law. As for example, many European countries do ban discrimination on the basis of age, but the application of age restrictions varies considerably by country. It is not applicable in UK but common in Germany. 3. Assessment Centres: Assessment centres are regarded as one of the most strong and suitable selection techniques and it should be expected that they would be used to assess capability for global manager. The major points of assessment centres are help to client companies to determine which candidates are appropriate to be employed. In this sense they offer their customers level of selection capability the may not take home. Assessment centres tend to use different types of tools and these tools are situational interviews, work stimulations and role -playing etc.Some effort also face that units and the successful utilization of their set of tools requires there tools to be significant for the circumstance like as legislative, cultural economic etc, in which the recruitment is taking place. Thus there cannot be one size fits all approach and this causes extensive troubles for them. 4. Psychological testing: The strength of some psychometric testing process is also uncertain. Psychologists state that variability of across settings for the equal type of work and across different of jobs is small .This testing involves asking candidates to full psychometric tests to allow their potential employer to verify the sort of person they are. Psychometric is the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of educational and psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes and personality traits. The field is primarily concerned with the construction and validation of measurement instruments, such as questionnaires, tests and personality assessments. Those who practice psychometric are known as psychometricians and although they may also be clinical psychologists, they are not obliged to be so and could instead be (for example) human resources or learning and development professionals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychometrics In the hand of competent professionals psychometric tests present an at times positive nearby into the individual features of prospective employees; in the hands of inexpert they are little more than a hazard to the achievement of a company. The table below represents some indications of comparative use of these selection events in diverse countries in the hiring of an employee for a cleric positions. According to the table, 69.6% of Danish companies report that they use interviews, but a small number (5%) of French companies do it. Simultaneously, 43.7% of Spanish companies like psychometric tests, but only 0.9% German firm prefers it. The uses of Psychometric test and Assessment Centre differs from country to country. A German assessment centre would use much diverse equipment to assess much different stuff than would an assessment centre in Canada.

Othello’s Diabolism Essay -- Othello essays

Othello’s Diabolism  Ã‚        Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, there is present through most of the play such an overwhelming amount of evil that the audience can scarcely remain undisturbed.    Alvin Kernan’s â€Å"Othello: an Introduction† explains the diabolism existing under the name of â€Å"honest Iago†:    â€Å"Honest Iago† conceals beneath the exterior of the plain soldier and blunt, practical man of the world a diabolism so intense as to defy rational explanation – it must be taken like lust or pride as simply a given part of human nature, an anti-life spirit which seeks the destruction of everything outside the self. (75)    Even the imagery in the drama has its evil aspect. Kenneth Muir, in the Introduction to William Shakespeare: Othello,   explains the instances of diabolic imagery in the play as they relate to the infecting of the Moor by the ancient:    The same transference from Iago to Othello may be observed in what S. L. Bethell called diabolic imagery. He estimated that of the 64 images relating to hell and damnation – many of them are allusions rather than strict images – Iago has 18 and Othello 26. But 14 of Iago’s are used in the first two Acts, and 25 of Othello's in the last three. The theme of hell originates with Iago and is transferred to Othello only when Iago has succeeded in infecting the Moor with his jealousy. (22)    In his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, A. C. Bradley gives an in-depth analysis of the brand of evil which the ancient personifies:    Iago stands supreme among Shakespeare’s evil characters because the greatest intensity and subtlety of imagination have gone to his making, and because he illustrates in the most perfect combination th... ... 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.    -- -- --. Introduction. The Folger Library General Reader’s Shakespeare: The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice. New York: Washington Square Press, 1957.